Lit Terms 6-30

6. Analogy- a comparasin between two things to show the similarities.



7. Analysis- a method in which a work or idea is separated into its parts, and those parts given rigorous and detailed scrutiny.


8. Anaphora- a device or repetition in which a word or words are repeated at the beginning of two ore more lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences.


9. Anecdote- a very short story used to illustrate a point.


10. Antagonist- a person or force opposing the protagonist in a drama or narrative.


11. Antithesis- a balancing of one term against another for emphasis or stylistic effectiveness.


12. Aphorism- a terse, pointed statement expressing some wise or clever observation about life.



13. Apologia- a defense or justification for some doctrine, piece of writing , cause , or action; also apology.


14. Apostrophe- a figure of speech in which an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something inanimate or nonhuman is addressed directly.


15. Argument- the process of convincing a reader by proving either the truth or the falsity of an idea or proposition; also, the thesis or proposition itself.


16. Assumption- the act of supposing, or taking for granted that a thing is true.
I assume that this is fake.


17. Audience- the intended listener or listeners



18. Characterization- the means by which writer reveals a character's personality.


19. Chiasmus- a reversal in the order off words so that the second half of a statement balances the first half in inverted word order.


20. circumlocution- a roundabout or evasive speech or writing, In which many words are used but a few would have served.


21. Classicism- art, literature, and music reflecting the principles of ancient Greece and Rome: tradition, reason, clarity, order, and balance


22. Cliché- a phrase or situation overused within society..














23. Climax- the decisive point in the narrative or drama; the pint of greatest intensity or interest at which plot question is answered or resolved.


24. Colloquialism- folksy speech, slang words or phrases usually used in informal conversation.


25. Comedy- originally a nondramatic literary piece of work that was marked by a happy ending; now a term to describe a ludicrous, farcical, or amusing event designed provide enjoyment or produce smiles and laughter.


26. Conflict- struggle or problem in a story causing tension


27.Connotation- implicit meaning, going beyond dictionary definition


28.Contrast- a rhetorical device by which one element (idea or object) is thrown into opposition to another for the sake of emphasis or clarity.


29.Denotation- plain dictionary definition
See 27. ^

30.Denouement- loose ends tied up in a story after the climax, closure, conclusion.

Poetry Analysis

She Walks in Beauty
by Lord Byron
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies,
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meets in her aspect and her eyes;
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impair'd the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress
Or softly lightens o'er her face,
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek and o'er that brow
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,—
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent

Ode to Autumn
by John Keats
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease;
For Summer has o'erbrimm'd their clammy cells.

Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,
Drowsed with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twinèd flowers:
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings, hours by hours.

Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—
While barrèd clouds bloom the soft-dying day
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river-sallows, borne aloft
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
The redbreast whistles from a garden-croft;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.

If
by Rudyard kipling
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being hated, don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise:
If you can dream - and not make dreams your master;
If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools:
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on!'
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
' Or walk with Kings - nor lose the common touch,
if neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And - which is more - you'll be a Man, my son!

Sonnet 18
by William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest;
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

How Do I Love Thee?
by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861)
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everyday’s
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints,—I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life!—and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.

lit terms 1-5

Allegory



Alliteration


Allusion


Ambiguity



Anachronism

Spring semester plan 1

This semester I plan to do a lot more work into preparing for the ap exam because my goal is to pass it. Also to apply to as many scholar ships as possible. I plan to start applying to a new one every week. That will be very challenging for me but I plan to try my best.

AP Prep Post 1: Siddhartha

A)
1.Siddhartha features substantial activity and narrative action. At the same time, it is about one man’s largely internal spiritual quest. What is the relationship between the internal and exterior worlds of Siddhartha? How does Siddhartha negotiate these worlds?
2. Discuss the ways Siddhartha attempts to attain spiritual enlightenment. Which approaches are successful? Which ones are not successful, and which ones have limited effectiveness? How does Siddhartha progress from one?
3.Consider Siddhartha’s relationship with Govinda. How are they similar, and how are they different? What are the narrative functions of Govinda’s reappearance throughout the novel? How does their relationship impact the novel’s ending?

http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/siddhartha/study.html

4. How does his father show both patience and wisdom in dealing with his son?
5.Describe the Samanas that Govinda and Siddhartha meet close to the end of Chapter 1.

http://www.studymode.com/essays/Siddhartha-Reading-Questions-641015.html

B)
1.Siddhartha is driven to extremes by his desire for spiritual enlightenment and understanding. While he embraces the extremes of physicality in this novel, the initial spark of desire comes from within him. Siddhartha’s initial project is to negate the Self.
2.When Siddhartha leaves his boyhood village, he is armed only with the desire to understand himself and reach enlightenment. He has no concrete, long-term plan for himself other than to seek spiritual fulfillment, and he follows many different paths to reach his goal.
3.Govinda is Siddhartha’s childhood friend and becomes his partner as a spiritual pilgrim. He serves a variety of functions in the novel, both to further the plot and to reveal aspects of Siddhartha we might not otherwise see. Govinda often provides a sounding board for Siddhartha’s ideas
4.At first, Siddhartha’s father shows dissatisfaction and displeasure with his son’s desire to become a Samana. Despite his objection, Siddhartha waits in his room for his father’s approval. His father, although disagreeing, allows his son to leave. His patience and wisdom is tested by his son but even the father understands that his son is a grown man, capable of making wise decisions.
5.The Samanas are warriors who practice self-denial, the loss of need and desire, in order to live a perfect life. They teach Siddhartha about their exercises to extinguish thyself and give birth a new self, one who is connected to everything, nature and animals.

C)
These questions help me understand that the AP test involves a lot more than just comprehending the text. It involves a lot of outside thinking and interpreting themes and author's methods and ideas.

literature anaylsis E.C

The Consolation of Philosophy by Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

Translated by David R. Slavitt

General

1. The Consolation of Philosophy by Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius is an essay written by Boethius, a wealthy well educated Roman aristocrat, as he is unjustly imprisoned and awaiting execution for treason around 524 A.D.  The essay is a conversation with “Lady Philosophy” on the spiritual meaning of human existence.  She provides him a philosophy that is capable of consoling him at his moment of greatest despair.  Boethius had been a prominent and noble person and was now facing execution for treason on trumped up charges and false testimony. Lady philosophy explains how fortune, health, wealth, honor and power are temporal, and they are given and taken away often quite quickly, so it is unwise to become attached to any such temporal things.  Of greater significance to a potential eternal existence are the soul and the intellectual capacity of a combined humanity.  As such Lady Philosophy offers up the belief in God as a better path to true happiness than the pursuit of earthly temporal treasures.  She offers up a very compelling, empowering, and beautiful argument that does indeed console Boethius. It is an argument on the eternal sustainability of goodness and the temporal nature of wickedness.

2.  The theme of the novel is that true happiness can only be found in the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment and virtue. Nothing we can acquire on earth, such as power, wealth and pleasure are certain or predictable so they cannot provide true happiness.

3. The tone of this book is uplifting and empowering, although the author is unjustly imprisoned awaiting his execution. The book does offer a logical argument for the existence of an eternal universal truth which can provide consolation for a desperate situation. The loss of any material or temporal things including your physical life should not cause sorrow because the only thing of true value is within yourself to realize and once realized is eternal so it cannot be taken away.  This is a very “hopeful” and empowering idea.  The mind is very powerful and ultimately your ability to be happy does depend on your ability to reconcile evils such as disease, despair, and destruction that eventually affect all temporal things.  God being universal truth and happiness is the only thing the really exists as it is sustainable throughout eternity, all evil doesn’t really exists because it is temporal.  Evil by its own nature eventually destroys itself.

4. Personification is used as a literary element to enhance the tone as philosophy is personified as a lady who appears to be of a greater world than the one we know.  Lady philosophy is a mystical vision or allegory with whom Boethius speaks throughout the essay. Dramatic visualization is used to describe the robe that Lady philosophy wears being made out of imperishable material woven by her own hands, but tattered by the hands of “marauders” who have torn off pieces of the robe.  Imagery is used often to describe in detail the setting. It is ironic that the author being more virtuous the most of the current Roman government is the one in prison. The story itself is a paradox in that the author “finds” himself as he is awaiting his execution. An example of symbolism in the story is Lady Philosophy’s varying height.  The taller she is the more philosophical her arguments are.  When she is an average height she provides practical philosophy.

 

Characterization

1. The main characters are the author, narrator and the mystical vision of philosophy, called Lady Philosophy.  Boethius’s father-in-law, Symmachus, and his wife, Rusticiana, are moral upstanding characters.  Boethius loves them and his son, and is comforted some that they are still alive.

2. The author's syntax and diction changes as some of the philosophy is written in poetry and other in dialog.  The essay is a very convincing argument for spirituality. The argument for free will is also maintained.

3. The author is the main character and is a dynamic character. He is profoundly affected by the arguments of Lady Philosophy.  Her lessons are indeed consoling and timeless.  I really did get the feeling that the author was deeply and profoundly affected by the logic, although he had led a noble and honest life, which in itself was not enough to save him from his untimely death. 

4. After reading the book, I definitely felt like I had met a person and felt deeply moved and empowered by the arguments presented.  Despite the constraints placed on your freedoms by wicked governments, or other circumstances, you can at least always have the consolation of philosophy.  In “saving” yourself perhaps you “save” the world as nothing we can comprehend being temporal has any significance as compared to a concept like eternity. No matter your circumstances, it is good advice to cultivate virtue as it is the only logical (sustainable) path to eternity.   

literature analysis #5

The Sun Also Rises
by: Ernest  Hemingway

1. Jake Barnes and his friends live in the contreversial, self-indulgent world of post-World War I Paris. There, they occasionally work, but spend most of their time partying, drinking, and arguing. From Jake’s perspective, we meet the cast of characters that populates his story: the most important among them are Robert Cohn who is down-on-his-luck, a Princeton grad and unsuccessful writer. We are also introduced to Lady Brett Ashley, an exciting, beautiful, and unpredictable British divorcee.  Although Jake and Brett are actually in love, they aren’t together, presumably because a mysterious war wound has rendered Jake impotent. Cohn falls in love with Brett as well and, despite the fact that she’s not terribly impressed with him, she secretly goes on a trip with him to San Sebastian. Cohn is smitten, truly, madly, deeply in love. Unfortunately for Cohn (and for everyone, for that matter), Brett is engaged to a wealthy, charming, and drunkard man named Mike. Jake’s other friend Bill returns to Paris from a trip and a plan is derived, everyone agrees to go to Spain for some fishing and the running of the bulls in Pamplona. On their fishing trip, Bill and Jake have a splendid time with each other, but the relaxation quickly comes to an end. They return to civilization and meet up with Brett, Mike, and Cohn in Pamplona for a weeklong activities of bullfights, alcohol, and high drama. Jake has a true passion for bullfighting, but everyone else is simply there to have a good time. Brett begins a rather scandalous affair with a young bull-fighter, Pedro Romero. Jake feels terrible for many reasons one being the fear that he has corrupted Romero in some way by introducing him to Brett. Cohn’s infatuation with Brett leads to arguments with everyone and, finally, he beats the unfortunate Romero to a bloody pulp. As the fiesta winds down, everyone leaves Pamplona in various states of anxiety, depression and frustration. Jake heads to San Sebastian, where he intends to be alone for a while. Unfortunately, desperate telegrams from Brett arrive immediately. He goes to her in Madrid, where she is alone, having sent Romero away. For the first time, we see Brett truly vulnerable, afraid, and guilty. The future looks just as bad, Jake and Brett agree again that, even though they love each other, they can’t be together.

2. The main theme I recognized in the novel was that of love. This is the best theme that i could find because of Brett. Everyone is so infatuated with her and multiple people "fall in love" with her. Yes, love is corrupted in the novel and usually triggered with the idea of sex behind it, but although this is so I still feel as if the whole them revolves around love because even the environment is romanticized; it's in Paris.

3. The tone of the novel is sort of somber, and detached from reality.  

Examples of this are through these three quotes:

•"I mistrust all frank and simple people, especially when their stories hold together"

•"I was a little drunk. Not drunk in any positive sense but just enough to be careless."

•"'Listen, Jake,' he leaned forward on the bar. "Don’t you ever get the feeling that all your life is going by and you’re not taking advantage of it? Do you realize you’ve lived nearly half the time you have to live already?"

All of these examples show how the author has an odd kind of negative outlook on life, which makes him tone almost depressing.

4. Literary elements that portrayed the tone and theme were not very hard to spot through out the novel.  The symbols were the first thing that i recognized with in the novel, one being the bull fighting. The fighting of the bulls symbolized that some kind of drama was going to show up with Jake and his friends, whether it be a casual argument or a controversy about Brett. Another two literary techniques I saw in the novel that led me into what the authors tone was through diction and syntax.  Hemingway would right with very sophisticated language with a lot of detail and he would make very wise, but somewhat whimsical statements. For example, "Caffeine puts a man on his horse and a woman in his grave." The structure of the sentences were kind of condensed which also led to the depressing or conservative tone. Another literary technique that I could identify was that the author used a lot of comparison within his writing, especially those that portray women as almost scandalous. "And with them was Brett. I was very angry. Somehow they always made me angry. I know they are supposed to be amusing, and you should be tolerant, but I wanted to swing on one, any one, anything to shatter that superior, simpering composure."  The last literary technique I saw with the novel is the allusions that are seen such as the references to greek mythology.